The HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is an application protocol designed to enable communications between clients and servers, and the foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web.
HTTP provide a standard way of communication between client (browsers) and web servers.
HTTP works as a request-response protocol, the web browser may be the client, and an application on a computer that hosts a web site may be the server.
For example when the client (browser) submits an HTTP request to the server, the server returns a response to the client with additional information.
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HTTP is a stateless protocol because each command is executed independently of the previous commands.
From the browser, in order to access a URL you have to add the http:// command before the URL address (http://www.example.com). These days you can skip it, and the browsers will add it for you automatically when you enter an address in the URL bar.
If you want to access from the browser a HTTPS URL (Hypertext Transfer Protocol over Secure) you have to specify it manually.